The following list of plants contains those found in the references that were recommended for use in fire prone environments by at least 3 references. All of the plants listed here were given either a high or moderate fire resistance rating in the references where a rating was assigned, or found listed in the references that categorized plants as fire resistant without assigning a degree of resistance. In most cases, the terms used in the ranking were not defined, and if they were, there is no agreed upon standard definition. For this reason, the plants are listed in this chapter without any attempt to rank them.

The list is sorted by plant form -- groundcovers, shrubs, trees, etc. Some species may appear twice (e.g. once as a groundcover and then again as a shrub) because they have properties attributed to both forms. For a complete description of the plant, including its mature characteristics, climate zones, and information on erosion control and drought tolerance, please refer to Chapter 4, the landscape vegetation database.

It is important to note that a plant's fire performance can be seriously compromised if not maintained. Plants that are not properly irrigated or pruned, or that are planted in climate areas not generally recommended for the plant, will have increased fire risk and will likely make the mature plant undesirable for landscaping in high fire hazard zones.

Table 1. Plants with a favorable fire performance rating in 3 or more references.
Some plants may have invasive (indicated as ), or other negative characteristics that should be considered before being selected for use in parts of California. For more information please go to http://www.caleppc.org/ .

Scientific Name	Common Name	Plant Type	Plant Form	References at bottom
Achillea millefolium white	White yarrow	perennial	shrub	25, 40,41, 53
Achillea tomentosa var. Moonshine	Woolly yarrow	perennial	groundcover	7,11,12,13,23,25,26,28, 32,35,36,37,39
Aeonium decorum	Aeonium	succulent	shrub	7,10,38,53
Aeonium simsii	Aeonium	succulent	shrub	7,10,53
Aesculus californica	California buckeye	deciduous	tree	11,15,17
Agapanthus 'Peter Pan'	Lily of the Nile, dwarf	evergreen	shrub	9,10,25
Agave americana 'Alba Picata'	Century plant	succulent	shrub	9,25,37
Agave victoriae-reginae	Agave	succulent	shrub	7,10,53
Ajuga reptans	Carpet bugle	perennial	groundcover	7,9,10,11,17,23,28,35, 36,40,41,53
Alnus rhombifolia	White alder	deciduous	tree	9,11,17,25,53
Aloe arborescens	Torch aloe	succulent	shrub	9,25,53
Aloe aristata	Aloe, Dwarf aloe	succulent	shrub	7,10,40,41,53
Aloe brevifolia	Aloe	succulent	shrub	7,10,40,41,53
Arbutus menziesii	Madrone	evergreen	tree	11,15,17
Arbutus unedo	Strawberry tree	evergreen	tree	8,9,11,12,17,25,30,40,41,42,53
Arctotheca calendula	Silver spreader	evergreen	groundcover	7,8,9,10,11,12,18,20,21,23,24,25,26, 28,30,31,34,35,36,37,38,40,41,42,53
Armeria maritima	Thrift, Common thrift	evergreen	groundcover	9,10,11,12,15,25,40,41
Artemisia caucasica	Silver spreader	evergreen	shrub	9,10,12,23,28,30,35,36,37,38,42,53
Artemisia pycnocephala	Sandhill sage	evergreen	shrub	6,11,16,25
Asarum caudatum	Wild ginger	perennial	shrub	11,15,40,41
Atriplex canescens	Four-wing saltbush	evergreen	shrub	5,6,16
Atriplex lentiformis breweri	Saltbush	deciduous	shrub	5,11,19
Atriplex semibaccata	Saltbush	evergreen	shrub	7,10,11,13,21,23,24,27,28,35,36,37, 40,41,42
Callistemon viminalis	Weeping bottlebrush	evergreen	tree	26,30,37
Campsis radicans	Trumpet vine, Trumpet creeper	deciduous	vine	12,26,30,32,37
Carpobrotus edulis	Ice plant, Hottentot fig, Sea fig	succulent	groundcover	7,9,10,11,23,24,28,31,35,36,37,53
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus	Blueblossom	evergreen	shrub	11,14,15
Centranthus ruber	Red valerian, Jupiter's beard	evergreen	shrub	8,11,25,40,41
Cerastium tomentosum	Snow in summer	evergreen	groundcover	7,10,17,24,30,37,39,40,41,53
Ceratonia siliqua	Carob, St. John's beard	evergreen	tree	5,8,9,11,13,22,34,37,42
Cercis occidentalis	Western redbud	evergreen	tree	8,9,11,12,15,17,25,30,34,40,41,42,53
Cistus purpureus	Orchid rockrose, Purple rockrose	evergreen	shrub	25,30,53
Cistus villosus prostratus (C.salviifolius)	Purple rockrose, Prostrate rockrose	evergreen	groundcover	9,19,22,37
Citrus spp.	Citrus	evergreen	tree	8,12,30,34,40,41
Convolvulus cneorum	Bush morning glory	evergreen	shrub	8,9,11,12,30,32,39,40,41,42,53
Coprosma kirkii	Creeping coprosma	evergreen	groundcover	8,11,12,18,30,40,41,53
Cotoneaster congestus	Likiano	evergreen	shrub	40,41,53
Cotoneaster dammerii	Bearberry cotoneaster	evergreen	groundcover	9,25,40,41
Crassula argentea	Jade plant	succulent	groundcover	9,25,33
Crassula lactea	Crassula	succulent	groundcover	7,9,10,25,36,53
Crassula multiclava	Crassula	succulent	groundcover	7,9,10,25,36,38
Crassula tetragona	Crassula	succulent	groundcover	7,10,36,53
Delosperma alba	White trailing ice plant	succulent	groundcover	7,9,10,11,18,22,23,24,26,28,35,36, 37,39,,40,41,42,53
Dietes bicolor	Wild yellow iris, African iris	evergreen	shrub	9,25,40,41
Dietes vegeta	Fortnight lily	evergreen	shrub	9,11,12,25,40,41
Diplacus longifolius (Mimulus sp.)	Monkey flower	perennial	shrub	11,15,17,25,40,41,42,53
Drosanthemum floribundum rosea	Ice plant, Rosea ice plant	perennial	groundcover	8,9,10,11,23,25,26,31,35,36,40,41, 42,53
Drosanthemum hispidum	Rosea ice plant	perennial	groundcover	7,9,10,18,23,24,25,28,36,39,40,41,53
Drosanthemum speciosum	Drosanthemum, Dew flower	perennial	groundcover	7,38,53
Duchesnea indica	Mock strawberry	perennial	groundcover	8,9,11,12,25,40,41
Dymondia margaretae	Dymondia	evergreen	groundcover	8,9,25
Erigeron karvinskianus	Santa Barbara daisy, Fleabane	perennial	groundcover	9,12,17,25,40,41
Eriodictyon trichlocalyx	Yerba santa, Hairy yerba santa		shrub	5,13,19
Eriophyllum confertiflorum	Golden yarrow	perennial	shrub	40,41,53
Eschscholzia californica	California poppy	perennial	groundcover	8,9,11,12,25,42,53
Eunymous fortunei radicans	Winter creeper, Common winter creeper	evergreen	shrub	7,10,30,41
Feijoa sellowiana	Pineapple guava	evergreen	tree	89,11,12,17,25,30,40, 41,42,53
Festuca rubra	Creeping red fescue	perennial	groundcover	8,9,11,12,15,25,40,41
Fragaria chiloensis	Wild strawberry, Sand strawberry, ornamental	evergreen	groundcover	7,8,9,10,11,23,25,28,35,36,39,40, 41,53
Fraxinus spp.	Ash	deciduous	tree	18,34,40,41
Fremontodendron spp.	Fremontia, Flannel bush	evergreen	shrub	11,15,17
Galvezia speciosa	Showy Island snapdragon, Hummingbird flower	evergreen	shrub	8,11,12,15,25,30,53
Gazania ringens leucolaena (G. uniflora)	Trailing ganzania	perennial	groundcover	7,10,11,12,23,24,25,27,28,35,36,37, 38,39,40,41,42,53
Gazania uniflora (G.ringens leucolaena)	Trailing ganzania	perennial	groundcover	7,10,11,12,23,24,25,27,28,35,36,37, 38,39,40,41,42,53
Grindelia stricta	Gum plant,Coastal wild gum	perennial	groundcover	40,41,53
Grindelia stricta venulosa	Coastal wild gum	perennial	shrub	25,40,41
Helichrysum petiolatum	Licorice plant, Curry plant	perennial	shrub	8,11,17,25,40,41
Hemerocallis spp.	Daylily	deciduous or evergreen	shrub	8,9,11,12,14,25,40,41
Hesperaloe parviflora	Red yucca	evergreen	shrub	9,25,40,41
Heuchera maxima	Island alum root, Coral bells	perennial	groundcover	8,12,15,25,40,41
Iberis sempervirens	Evergreen candytuft, Edging candytuft	evergreen	groundcover	40,41,53
Iris douglasiana	Pacific coast iris, Douglas iris	bulb	shrub	11,15,17,40,41
Isomeris arborea (Cleome isomeris)	Bladderpod, Bladderbush, Burrofat	evergreen	shrub	6,16,53
Kniphofia uvaria	Red hot poker	perennial	shrub	8,9,11,12,17,25,40,41
Lampranthus aurantiacus	Trailing ice plant, bush gold, bush ice plant	succulent	groundcover	7,9,10,22,25,39,53
Lampranthus filicaulis	Redondo creeper	succulent	groundcover	7,10,22,53
Lampranthus spectabilis	Trailing ice plant	succulent	groundcover	7 ,9,10,11,22,24,25,38,42,53
Lantana camara & cultivars	Trailing lantana, Yellow sage	evergreen or annual	groundcover	9,23,28,35,36,53
Ligustrum texanum	Texas privet	evergreen	shrub	11,30,40,41
Limonium perezii	Statice, Marsh rosemary, Sea lavender	perennial	shrub	8,9,11,12,14,25,30,40,41,53
Lippia canescens	Carpet grass, Lippia	perennial	groundcover	7,41,42
Liriope gigantea	Giant turf lily	perennial	groundcover	8,25,40,41
Lonicera japonica 'Halliana'	Hall's honeysuckle	evergreen	groundcover	7,10,53
Macadamia hybrids	Macadamia nut, Queensland nut	evergreen	tree	9,11,25,40,41
Mahonia repens	Creeping mahonia	evergreen	shrub	8,11,40,41
Malephora crocea	Ice plant, Croceum ice plant	succulent	groundcover	7,8,9,10,11,22,23,24,26,28,31,35, 36,40,41,42,53
Malephora luteola	Yellow trailing ice plant	succulent	groundcover	7,10,22,24,40,41,53
Metrosideros excelsus	New Zealand Christmas tree,Pohutukawa	evergreen	tree	11,12,18,30,40,41,42,53
Mimulus longiflorus (Diplacus longiflorus)	Monkey flower	perennial	shrub	11,17,15,25,40,41,42,53
Myoporum parvifolium prostrata	Creeping boobyalla, Myoporum	evergreen	groundcover	8, 9,10,11,12,21,23,24,25,28,35,36, 38,39,40,41,42,53
Myrica californica	Wax myrtle, Pacific wax myrtle, California wax myrtle	evergreen	shrub	11,15,17
Nerine masonorum	Nerine	bulb	shrub	8,9,11,25
Nerium oleander	Oleander	evergreen	shrub	5,12,13,17,11,26,27,30,32,33,42, 40,41
Oenothera berlandieri	Mexican evening primrose	perennial	groundcover	8,11,25,40,41
Osteospermum fruticosum	Trailing South African daisy, Freeway daisy	perennial	groundcover	1,5,6,7,9,10,11,13,16,22,23,24,28,30, 34,36,38,39,40,41,42
Pelargonium peltatum	Ivy geranium	perennial	groundcover	7,9,10,11,12,23,24,25,28,36,38,40, 41,53
Phyla nodiflora Lippia	Lippia	perennial	groundcover	8,9,10,11,12,23,28,35,36,40,21,41
Pittosporum crassifolium	Dwarf karo	evergreen	shrub	25,40,41
Pittosporum tobira	Mock orange, Wheeler's mock orange	evergreen	shrub	11,12,25,40,41
Populus spp.	Aspen, Cottonwood, Poplar	deciduous	tree	11,15,18
Populus tremuloides	Quaking aspen	deciduous	tree	9,11,15
Portulacaria afra	Purslane tree, Elephant's food	succulent	groundcover	7,9,10,24,40,41,53
Potentilla tabernaemontanii (P.verna)	Spring cinquefoil	evergreen	groundcover	7,10,37,40,41,53
Prunus ilicifolia	Holly-leaved cherry	evergreen	shrub	8,11,12,15,26,30
Prunus lyonii	Catalina cherry	evergreen	shrub	5,8,9,11,12,13,25,37,40,41,53
Prunus spp.	Plum, Peach, Cherry, Apricot, Evergreen cherry	evergreen	tree	11,15,42
Punica granatum	Pomegranate	deciduous	shrub	11,30,40,41,42,53
Punica granatum 'Nana'	Dwarf pomegranate	deciduous	shrub	9,8,11,12,25
Pyracantha 'Santa Cruz'	Pyracantha, Firethorn	evergreen	shrub	8,11,12,25,40,41
Quercus agrifolia	Encina, Coast live oak, California live oak	evergreen	tree	8,9,11,15,17,25,30,31,33,53
Rhamnus alaternus	Italian buckthorn	evergreen	shrub	5,9,11,12,13,22,30,32,40,41,42,53
Rhamnus californica	Coffeeberry	evergreen	shrub	9,11,12,15,17,25,26,30,53
Rhamnus crocea	Spiny redberry, Redberry, Hollyleaf redberry, Red-berried buckthorn	evergreen	shrub	11,25,53
Rhododrendron occidentale	Western azalea	evergreen	shrub	17,40,41
Rhus integrifolia	Lemonade berry	evergreen	shrub	8,9,12,13,14,15,22,26,37,40,41,53
Rhus lancea	African sumac	evergreen	tree	8,11,12,26,37,40,41
Ribes viburnifolium	Evergreen currant, Catalina perfume	evergreen	shrub	8,9,11,15,17,25,30,53
Salvia sonomensis	Sonoma sage, Creeping sage	perennial	shrub	7,9,10,11,15,16,21,25,27,38,40,41, 42,53
Santolina chamaecyparissus	Santolina, Lavender, Gray lavender	evergreen	shrub	7,9,10,17,23,24,25,32,36,37,40,41, 42,53
Scaevola 'Muave Clusters'	Fan flower	perennial	groundcover	8,9,11,12,25
Schinus molle	Peruvian pepper tree, California pepper tree	evergreen	tree	5,9,11,13,17,22,25,30,37,40,41,53
Schinus terebinthifolius	Brazilian pepper tree	evergreen	tree	5,9,11,12,22,40,41,42,53
Sedum acre	Goldmoss sedum	succulent	creeper	7,10,53
Sedum album	Green stonecrop	succulent	creeper	7,10,53
Sedum brevifolium	Stonecrop	succulent	groundcover	7,9,24,25
Sedum confusum	Stonecrop, Sedum	succulent	groundcover	7,10,24,40,41,53